Oil

In the wake of marine oil exploration and transportation, the accidents of oil spills have occurred
frequently around the world, which leads to the severe pollution of the marine environment and the
huge damage of coastal species [1–6]. On April 20, 2010, the explosion of Deepwater Horizon oil
drilling platform led to a severe leakage. Million barrels of oil polluted the Gulf of Mexico with the
area of about 10,000 square kilometers [7, 8]. Due to this accident, the marine ecosystems, such as fish